{"id":3538,"date":"2021-06-09T20:18:51","date_gmt":"2021-06-09T18:18:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/filozofiainauka.studiafilozoficzne.edu.pl\/?p=3538&lang=en"},"modified":"2023-02-11T17:38:21","modified_gmt":"2023-02-11T16:38:21","slug":"9-2021-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/filozofiainauka.studiafilozoficzne.edu.pl\/en\/abstracts\/9-2021-1\/","title":{"rendered":"9\/2021 (1)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Janusz Grygien\u0301c\u0301\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Institute of Philosophy, Nicholas Copernicus University, Fosa Staromiejska 1a, 87-100 Toru\u0144, Poland.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Email: jgrygienc@umk.pl\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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SHOULD WE FEAR EPISTEMIC DEPENDENCE (AND HOW MUCH)? <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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ABSTRACT\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

In recent years, interest in the problem of expert knowledge has intensified among social scientists. One of the topics more frequently addressed in this context is the relationship between experts and laypeople. This paper examines this issue from the perspective of the concept of epistemic dependence formulated by John Hardwig. I argue that this concept poses a severe challenge to the vision of scientific inquiry dominant in the scientific literature and to the democratic idea of politics. I examine three strategies encountered in the literature for responding to this challenge: individualist, institutional, and epistocratic. Alvin Goldman advocates the first one, as he presents strategies at the disposal of a layman facing two conflicting expert opinions. The second is the belief in the scientific community\u2019s potential to resolve all controversies and protect non-specialists from confronting them. The third is to eliminate epistemic dependence by including only those with sufficient practical experience in expert discussions. In the end, I conclude that the problem of epistemic dependence has no suitable solution. We should place our hopes only with strategies for circumventing it rather than confronting it.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Keywords<\/strong>: epistemic dependence, experts, expertise, democracy, social epistemology.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013<\/span><\/p>\n

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Agnieszka Lekka-Kowalik\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Aleje Rac\u0142awickie 14, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Email: alekka@kul.pl\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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ACADEMIC INDUSTRIAL SCIENCE AND ITS NORMS PRICE <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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ABSTRACT\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Twenty five years ago John Ziman formulated the thesis that academic science and industrial science merge into one system of post-academic and at the same time post-industrial science, in which the Mertonian norms of academic science expressed by the acronym CUDOS (communism, universalism, disinterestedness, organized scepticism<\/em>) give way to the norms of industrial science expressed by the acronym PLACE (proprietary, local, authoritarian, commissioned, expert<\/em>). In this article, I defend the thesis that this system has evolved into a system of academic industrial science, the norms of which can be expressed with the acronym PRICE:\u00a0patron relevant, innovative, competitive, econometrical<\/em>. Thus, reforming academic science is also its re-norming in terms of both ethics and the organization of research. The ethics of scientific research is transformed into the ethics of knowledge production. Scientific institutions are seen as producers of knowledge which is an \u201cepistemic commodity.\u201d A particular of knowledge is needed when it satisfies the needs of \u201cconsumers.\u201d Scientists are then \u201eelements\u201d of the knowledge production process, and the process itself is subject to market calculations. This does not undermine the epistemic value of a given research project and its results, but it leads to controversial consequences, including fragmentation and aspectualization of knowledge, linking research directions with the interests of social powers, and ignoring transformative criticism. As a result, sometimes what was treated in the Mertonian science as a threat or an offense against the ethos of science turns out to be the rational behavior of an entrepreneur operating on the market of epistemic goods and services. Academic industrial science is also unable to fulfil non-instrumental roles in society (shaping worldviews, supporting social rationality, providing independent experts) that academic science performed. Attempts to prevent these problems or threats will be doomed to failure in advance, because countermeasures are based on a different understanding of knowledge itself.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Keywords:\u00a0<\/strong>academic science, industrial science, academic industrial science, research ethics, knowledge production ethics, knowledge as an epistemic commodity, non-instrumental roles of science.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013<\/span><\/p>\n

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Rafa\u0142 Pawe\u0142 Wierzchos\u0142awski\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Liberal Arts and Sciences, Collegium Historicum, Poznan\u0301, Poland.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Email: rafalpawelwie@gmail.com<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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PROTESTANT SCIENCE, ELECTIVE MODERNISM AND EXPERT KNOWLEDGE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE FUNCTIONING OF SCIENCE OUTSIDE THE ACADEMY\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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ABSTRACT\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

In this article, I reflect on recent discussions of the methodological status of scientific knowledge within and outside the Academy. I draw attention to the problem of declining public trust in science (risk and fear society) and the phenomenon of post-truth. In the context of these issues, I present three positions whose authors define the relationship between official academic science in relation to other forms of knowledge (lay people) and forms of knowledge use outside the Academy (politics). The first position termed \u201celective modernism\u201d was formulated by Harry Collins and Robert Evans in the context of discussions of the third wave of science disputes. Elective modernism defines the way in which policy decisions are made on the recommendations of scholars who have a methodological self-awareness of the possibilities and limitations of scientific knowledge. The second position is Steve Fuller’s proposal of protestant science as a form of science in the context of posttruth conditions. In this view, knowledge can be produced by anyone, but it must meet certain specified scientific criteria. The third position is the view of expert knowledge proposed by Mark R. Brown, as a representation of various worldview or cultural options, whose representatives commission experts to make appropriate recommendations for certain political decisions.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Key words:\u00a0<\/strong>Protestant science, academic rent, post-truth condition, customized science, third wave of science studies, expert knowledge, social conditions of science, politics of science, representation, Steve Fuller, Harry Collins, Robert Evans, Mark R. Brown, risk society, fear society.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013<\/span><\/p>\n

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Marcelina Zuber\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Institute of Sociology,\u00a0University of Wroclaw, Koszarowa 3, 51\u2013149 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Email: marcelina.zuber@uwr.edu.pl\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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SCIENTISTS TO THE CHALLENGES OF MODERNITY: THE \u201cCOMMUNISM\u201d OF THE SCIENTISTS\u2019 ETHOS AS AN ETHICAL NORM OR THE REGULATING PRINCIPLE OF RESEARCH PRACTICE\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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ABSTRACT\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

The article attempts to establish the role that may be presently played by Merton\u2019s concept of scientific ethos, and especially his norm of \u201ccommunism\u201d in describing and explaining the mechanisms of modern science\u2019s functioning. Merton introduces scientific ethos\u2019 norms as ethical and technological, and therefore truly regulating the practice of research. In this context especially important is the role played by the norm of \u201ccommunism,\u201d which orders to share research results with all research community and society. This article presents two visions of research community\u2019s functioning alternative to Merton\u2019s concetion: Pierre Bourdieu\u2019s conception of\u201d\u00a0le champ scientifique<\/em>,\u201d\u00a0<\/em>and Bruno Latour\u2019s and Steve Woolgar\u2019s conceptions of conversion of capital within the \u201ccycle of credibility.\u201d None of these concepts feature research practice as organised by \u201ccommunism.\u201d The consideration of roles of historically evolving models of practicing science (amateur, academic, professional, post-academic) is crucial for a precise description of the rules of functioning in science. Abiding by the rule of communism is possible only in the academic model, whereas modern researchers increasingly often function either within corporations (professional model), or remain in the academia while operating on private funds (post-academic model). Following the rule of communism, even as a moral guideline, is not possible in these circumstances.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Keywords<\/strong>: scientists\u2019 ethos, Robert Merton, Bruno Latour, Steve Woolgar, academic, post-academic model of practicising science, John Ziman, Sheldon Krimsky.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013<\/span><\/p>\n

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Andrzej Stawicki\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Institute of Philosophy, Marie Curie-Sk\u0142odowska University, Marii Curie-Sk\u0142odowskiej 4, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Email: andrzej.stawicki@poczta.umcs.lublin.pl<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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CREATION OF KNOWLEDGE ON THE BORDER OF SCIENCE AND PRACTICE IN A SYSTEMIC PERSPECTIVE. THE CASE OF POLISH HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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ABSTRACT\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

The article presents conclusions from research on changes in the practice of creating knowledge in the social sciences and humanities, resulting from research cooperation with the socio-economic environment. The research focused primarily on the impact of such collaboration on the advancement of scientific knowledge in these fields. The theoretical framework adopted in the analysis is the concept of science as an autopoietic, social system, derived from the sociological theory of Niklas Luhmann (presented in his\u00a0Die Wissenschaft der Gesellschaft<\/em>, Suhrkamp, Frankfurt a. M. 1990).\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

According to the results of the study, the cooperation of the science system with other social subsystems in its environment significantly affects both the practices of creating knowledge and its ultimate character. Such knowledge, under certain conditions, can become an element of scientific communication, but there are some limitations that are associated with differentthat rationalities of cooperating subsystems. An important barrier is the subordination of the research process to the needs of external systems, which, combined with the high selectivity of the science system, means that knowledge generated in cooperation, mainly of an operational nature, is not accepted by the science system. However, there is a great potential for this type of practice because the knowledge thus generated, after an appropriate translation into the system code of science and embedding it in its wider context, can significantly enrich it, among others, with otherwise inaccessible empirical data and different points of view that may become a basis for further scientific research. Research shows that for many representatives of the social sciences and humanities this potential is effectively used.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Keywords:\u00a0<\/strong>Social sciences and humanities, Mode 2 of knowledge production, autopoiesis of the science system, Social Systems Theory, cooperation between science and its environment.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013<\/span><\/p>\n

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Katarzyna Krzemin\u0301ska\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Institute of Philosophy, Jagiellonian University in Cracow, Grodzka 52, 31-044 Krak\u00f3w, Poland.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Email: katarzyna.krzeminska@student.uj.edu.pl\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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THE SOCIAL CREATION OF DEMARCATION CRITERIA BETWEEN SCIENCE AND PSEUDOSCIENCE\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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ABSTRACT\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

In the paper I address the problem of consolidation of the borders of the world of science by scientific institutions\u2014in this case, Polish scientific societies of various fields. Basing on the analysis of the statutes of selected societies, I formulate a list of research questions that concern the role of scientific societies in distinguishing be tween what is considered scientific and what is not. These questions can be used in a more in-depth research. I adopt a constructivist perspective, focus on the ways in which science is produced and separated from pseudoscience, and do not address the (in)accuracy of claims rejected by the scientific world.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Keywords:\u00a0<\/strong>sociology of science, scientific societies, pseudoscience, science, social institutions.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013<\/span><\/p>\n

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Jo\u0301zef De\u0328bowski\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Institute of Philosophy, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. Kurta Obitza 1, 10-725 Olsztyn, Poland.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Email: jozdeb@poczta.onet.pl\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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ON CLASSICAL TRUTH, POST-TRUTH AND THE PRINCIPLE OF SOURCENESS\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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ABSTRACT\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

In this paper, I present a short 10-point characteristics of the classical conception of truth. Subsequently I point to the importance and comprehensive usefulness of this truth, among others, to the possibility of applying it in some virtual environments, e.g., in those which include virtual objects of types A and C. I also emphasize that\u2014independently of views of promotors and creators of the \u201cpost-truth era\u201d (e.g. the will of politicians, propagandists and the authors of conspiracy theories)\u2014truth as it is grasped in the classical theory is in principle non-withdrawable from social discourse, including its philosophical and scientific fields.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Keywords<\/strong>: truth, post-truth, reality, virtual reality, thought, cognition, knowledge, realism, objectivism, correspondence theory of truth, strong correspondence, weak correspondence.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013<\/span><\/p>\n

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Ma\u0142gorzata Czarnocka<\/strong>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Institute of Philosophy and Sociology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Nowy \u015awiat 72, 00-330\u00a0Warsaw, Poland.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Email: mczarnocka@ifispan.edu.pl\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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THE NATURE OF POST-TRUTH <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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ABSTRACT\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

The paper demonstrates a close relationship of post-truth to pragmatic truth as William James put it. As such post-truth cannot be treated\u2014as it is commonly perceived\u2014as a falsehood in the sense given it by the classical idea of truth. Post-truth is not a classical cognitive value, but a means of action, more concretely, a means of realizing interests of its operator by using the method of cognitive camouflage; it means that post-truth is disguised as a truth in its classical (correspondence) sense, but it only seemingly communicates in the objective way (i.e., impartially and nonsubjectively) real facts. In my view, the present eruption of post-truths is an effect of the spreading of the pragmatic system of values and infecting by it the whole public sphere and, in consequence, also individual principles and norms of action.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Keywords<\/strong>: post-truth, pragmatic truth, William James, particular interest.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013<\/span><\/p>\n

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Tomasz Walczyk\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Institute of Philosophy, Marie Curie-Sk\u0142odowska University, Marii Curie-Sk\u0142odowskiej 4, 20-031 Lublin, Poland. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Email: tomasz.walczyk@poczta.umcs.lublin.pl\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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THE ISSUE OF EXTENDED KNOWLEDGE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF EXTENDED EPISTEMOLOGY AND TELEPISTEMOLOGY\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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ABSTRACT\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

The aim of this paper is to indicate the preliminary conditions that should be met by the concept of extended knowledge. Cognitive artifacts undoubtedly affect human cognition and knowledge. Research on knowledge should therefore take into account significant technological changes. In this paper, I make use of the concept of the Extended Mind, and in epistemological research, I use the reliabilist theories of justification. The effect of this combination is the analysis of the phenomenon of extended knowledge on the examples of extended perception and extended memory. Research conducted in the field of extended epistemology and telepistemology provides a significant support.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Keywords<\/strong>: extended knowledge, extended mind, telepistemology, extended epistemology, extended cognitive system, telerobotic knowledge, augmented reality.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013<\/span><\/p>\n

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Marcin Trybulec<\/strong>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Institute of Philosophy, Marie Curie-Sk\u0142odowska University, Marii Curie-Sk\u0142odowskiej 4, 20-031 Lublin, Poland. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Email: marcin.trybulec@umcs.pl\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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TOWARDS THE EPISTEMOLOGY OF COGNITIVE ARTIFACTS <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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ABSTRACT\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

The paper aims to justify the need for a philosophical reflection concerning the concept of cognitive artifact, as it is used in situated cognition, and, first of all, for conceptualize and defining them. I tentatively call this area \u201cthe epistemology of cognitive artifacts\u201d. The paper forms the problem of reification of the cognitive artifacts and the problem of amplification in describing the cognitive impact of the artifacts. Additionally, the article discusses the issue of nonrepresentational artifacts and singles out a new class of artifacts which I call metacognitive artifacts.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Keywords<\/strong>: cognitive artifacts, nonrepresentational artifacts, metacognitive artifacts, dynamic artifacts, internal artifacts, situated cognition, epistemology of cognitive artifacts.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013<\/span><\/p>\n

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Maciej Wodzin\u0301ski, Marek Hetman\u0301ski\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Maciej Wodzin\u0301ski \u2014 Institute of Philosophy, Marie Curie-Sk\u0142odowska University, Marii Curie-Sk\u0142odowskiej 4, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Email: maciek.wodzinski@poczta.umcs.lublin.pl\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Marek Hetman\u0301ski \u2014 Institute of Philosophy, Marie Curie-Sk\u0142odowska University, Marii Curie-Sk\u0142odowskiej 4, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Email: marek hetmanski@poczta.umcs.lublin.pl\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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EXPERT KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERTISE BY EXPERIENCE IN THE DOMAIN OF AUTISM\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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ABSTRACT\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

The article presents conceptions and theories of expert knowledge, as well as discussions on the epistemological status of expert knowledge, cognitive competences falling within the scope of expertise and expert authority. They are treated as a kind of extra-institutional knowledge, referring only to a small extent to the scientific knowledge and academic circles. The positions of Alvin Goldman, Harry Collins and R. Evans, Z. Majdik and W. Keith, T. Burge and J. Shanteau on the validity of expert knowledge and methods of its justification are presented. The paper points to the problematic nature and certain limitations of the traditional perspective on the credibility of expert knowledge and expert authority. On the example of the phenomenon of the autism spectrum and traditional judgments about it\u2014in particular, expert opinions issued about people covered by it, as well as common opinions and stereotypes\u2014 the discussion on the changes taking place in this field of knowledge and social practice is presented. Conceptions of expertise by experience in the subject of autism are discussed, including the so-called self-advocacy and self-advocacy scientists. These new cognitive attitudes and social functions of autism spectrum experts are also analyzed from the point of view of the epistemological credibility of this type of knowledge and competence.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Keywords<\/strong>: Expert knowledge, expertise, knowledge justification, cognitive competences, expert authority, expertise by experience, autism spectrum.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013<\/span><\/p>\n

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Jerzy Go\u0142osz\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Institute of Philosophy, Jagiellonian University in Cracow, Grodzka 52, 31-044 Cracow, Poland.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Email: jerzy.golosz@uj.edu.pl<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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THE PYTHAGOREANS, OR AN APOLOGIA FOR METAPHYSICS <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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ABSTRACT\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

This paper attempts to demonstrate that the conviction about the harmony and order of the world was a fundamental metaphysical principle of the Pythagoreans. This harmony and order were primarily sought in the structures of arithmetics, yet following the discovery of incommensurable magnitudes (irrational numbers, as we now call them), the Pythagoreans began to see geometrical structure as a fundamental part of the world. On the example of the Pythagoreans\u2019 metaphysics and science, the paper shows the mutual relations between metaphysics and science. It demonstrates\u2014on the one hand\u2014the necessity of the first as a guide for the latter, and\u2014on the other\u2014how our scientific research can change its basic metaphysical principles when these are found to be inappropriate. The paper also tries to show the need for a realistic approach in our scientific research by means of the same example of the Pythagoreans, that is, the need to discern something which is below the surface appearance.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Keywords:\u00a0<\/strong>Pythagoreans; metaphysics; science; scientific realism; philosophy of science; basic metaphysics; interpretative metaphysics.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013<\/span><\/p>\n

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Marek Maciejczak\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Warsaw University of Technology, Plac Politechniki 1, 00-661 Warsaw, Poland.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Email: marmaciejczak@poczta.onet.pl\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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THE CONTEXT OF HABITATUALITY IN THE HUSSERLIAN THEORY OF CONSCIOUSNESS\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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ABSTRACT\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Consciousness was the guiding thread of Edmund Husserl’s phenomenological investigations. He understood it as a critique of experience and the metaphysics and science based on it. Phenomenology is a critique of cognition, a method of investigation and questioning. In his later writings Husserl defined consciousness as a \u201csystem of intentional functions,\u201d a \u201csystem of intentional operations.\u201d Its correlate is a coherent and regularized world. One of the most important aspects of the system of intentional functions are habitualities\u2014patterns, mental representations which arise in the process of \u201ctypification\u201d and henceforth guide our ordinary thinking and acting. Thanks to them, the type of object, its features and properties are predetermined and, in principle, the ways of knowing it are determined. My task is to characterize the broad context of habituality formation, that is, the stream of consciousness and the possibilities of feeling and movement of the bodily subject. I will discuss in turn the temporal structure of experience and its dependence on the movement and action of the bodily subject, and then characterize the form of general intimacy with the world. It is in this context of \u201cindeterminate reality\u201d that the constitution and evocation of the deposited sense, the anticipation of the type of object and its qualities play out. In conclusion, I will make some remarks about habituality as a source of empirical concepts.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Keywords<\/strong>: Husserl, consciousness, habitualities, typification, empirical concepts. empiryczne.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Krzysztof So\u0142oducha\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Military University of Technology, gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Email: krzysztof.soloducha@wat.edu.pl<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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SOME REMARKS ON NATURALISTIC ATTEMPS TO RATIONALISE HERMENEUTICS<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

ABSTRACT\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

The aim of the text is to consider Gianni Vattimo\u2019s claim that hermeneutics needs to be more rational due to its criticised relativism and aestheticism. From this perspective, the author considers the projects proposed by Bartosz Broz\u0307ek and Chrysostomos Mantzavinos, based on the assumption that the cognitive phenomena underlying the understanding of human behaviour and the resulting artefacts can be described using naturalistic methods. Finally, the question is considered whether these attempts, coming from outside the hermeneutic movement, offer hope for eliminating the flaws of hermeneutics mentioned by Vattimo, and what are the prospects for further research on this issue.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Keywords<\/strong>: hermeneutics, rationalisation of hermeneutics, philosophy of interpretation, methodology of humanities, naturalism, dataism, performative humanities, digital humanities, pedagogy.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Damian Winczewski\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Institute of Philosophy, Marie Curie-Sk\u0142odowska University, Marii Curie-Sk\u0142odowskiej 4, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Email: damian.winczewski@gmail.com<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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DIALECTICAL MATERIALISM AFTER \u201eDIAMANT\u201d:\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/span>SCIENTIFIC DIALECTICAL ONTOLOGY AND NATURAL MATERIALISM <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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ABSTRACT\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

The aim of the article is to reconstruct the cardinal theses and assumptions of the materialistic-dialectical ontology in the post-Stalinist Marxist scientific philosophy, often described as “Eastern Marxism”. Basing on the source literature covering the works of the most eminent Polish (Stefan Amsterdamski, Stanis\u0142aw Butryn, Helena Eilstein, W\u0142adys\u0142aw Krajewski, Jan Such, Wies\u0142aw Sztumski and others) and Soviet (Fedosseyev, Konstantinov, Szeptulin, Rubinshtajn, etc.) philosophers which studied the links between dialectical materialism and natural sciences, I claim that postwar Marxist scientism clarifies the concise intuitions of the classics of Marxism regarding the nature and assumptions of dialectical materialism, especially the dialectic of nature. Contrary to the current interpretations of the sources of dogmatism in Marxism as the dominant ontological assumption of dialectical and natural materialism, according to these findings, it turns out that after its post-war modernization, the dialectical ontology was cleared of numerous dogmas and misunderstandings. Moreover, it turns out to be consistent with the general assumptions of the anti-Stalinist Marxist social and political philosophy.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Keywords:\u00a0<\/strong>Dialectical materialism, Engels, ontology, scientific philosophy, Marxism, natural sciences.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013\u2013<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Alina Bernadetta Jagie\u0142\u0142owicz\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Institute of Philosophy,\u00a0University of Wroclaw, Koszarowa 3, 51\u2013149 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Email: alina.jagiellowicz@uwr.edu.pl\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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ENGAGED PHILOSOPHY OF HEALTH PROTECTION <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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ABSTRACT<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

The text considers the concept of engaged philosophy of health protection. The recognized precursor of this philosophy is Julian Aleksandrowicz, a Polish doctor and humanist. Moral problems of the contemporary world, developed in the aspect of ultratechnology and information, are a discursive background of the presented analysis. The paper highlights a need of revaluating the neopositivitist legacy and systemic projects of pro-health methodology. The methodology includes the ideas of health protection at the individual\u2019s level as well as of implementing order and peace in global society. According to this concept the aim can be achieved through integrating the scientific\u2013technical revolution with the humanistic one and with the holistic interpretation of health. Health is defined in the category of emergent, dynamic and vital whole, reached as a synergic effect. In the model of the engaged philosophy the idea of self-creation assumes the value of \u201esubjective health,\u201d its counterweight is \u201cobjectified disease.\u201d It is not indifferent to the ethical dimension of choice between life or death, determined in the character of an exclusive alternative. The study uses the method of qualitative research. The basic theses of engaged philosophy , defined in the light of the health care problem have been justified.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Keywords:\u00a0<\/strong>engaged philosophy, emergency, synergic effect, health care, peace.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Mariusz Mazurek\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Institute of Philosophy and Sociology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Nowy \u015awiat 72, 00-330\u00a0Warsaw, Poland.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Email: mmazurek@ifispan.edu.pl\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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CZES\u0141AW BIA\u0141OBRZESKI\u2014PHYSICIST AND PHILOSOPHER <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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ABSTRACT\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

In the first part of the article, I reconstruct the philosophical thoughts of Czes\u0142aw Bia\u0142obrzeski, a Polish philosophizing physicist. In the second part, I outline his biography and contribution to the development of physics. Philosophical reflections of Bia\u0142obrzeski formed based on the leading issues in physics of the late 19th and mainly 20th century. He carried out his considerations in close connection to his scientific practice. The activity of the Polish scientist takes place in the formation and development period of quantum mechanics. Bia\u0142obrzeski, similarly to many other physicists of the time, was well aware of the necessity of coherent explanation of the fundamentally new phenomena of the quantum mechanics. His take on the subject is rather original\u2014he referred to the classical, philosophical theory of categories and proposed its ontological interpretation.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Keywords<\/strong>: Czes\u0142aw Bia\u0142obrzeski, philosophy of nature, philosophy of physics, ontology, causality, potentiality.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Marek B\u0142aszczyk\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Nicholas Copernicus University, Fosa Staromiejska 3, 87-100 Toru\u0144, Poland.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Email: marek_blaszczyk@onet.eu\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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TOWARDS THE PROBLEM OF THE SENSE OF HUMAN EXISTENCE <\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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ABSTRACT\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

The paper critically considers Alfried La\u0308ngle\u2019s view presented in his book\u00a0Gdy rodzi sie\u0328 pytanie o sens. Praktyczne zastosowanie logoterapii\u00a0<\/em>[When the Question of Sense Arises. The Practical Application of Logotherapy] (Warszawa 2016). It invites to reflection focused on the problem of the sense of existence.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Keywords:\u00a0<\/strong>human being, existence, existentialism, sense, happiness.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Sebastian Kozera\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Institute of Philosophy, Marie Curie-Sk\u0142odowska University, Marii Curie-Sk\u0142odowskiej 4, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Email: sebastiankozera@o2.pl\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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SUPERINTELLIGENT BEINGS AS A SOURCE\u00a0OF AN EXISTENTIAL THREAT ACCORDING TO NICK BOSTROM\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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ABSTRACT\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

This article presents Nick Bostrom\u2019s considerations of the future included in his book\u00a0Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies<\/em>. Bostrom studies such issues as determining the hypothetic ways of attaining superintelligence, its nature and different aspects of this technology. He shows threats regarding such powerful systems, as well as constructing strategies of preventing undesirable activities of superintelligent beings. Bostrom\u2019s input is an important part of present discussion concerning the development of artificial intelligence and its ethical problems.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Keywords:\u00a0<\/strong>superintelligence, artificial intelligence, orthogonality thesis, instrumental convergence thesis, control methods.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Janusz Grygien\u0301c\u0301\u00a0 Institute of Philosophy, Nicholas Copernicus University, Fosa Staromiejska 1a, 87-100 Toru\u0144, Poland.\u00a0 Email: jgrygienc@umk.pl\u00a0 SHOULD WE FEAR EPISTEMIC DEPENDENCE (AND HOW MUCH)? ABSTRACT\u00a0 In recent years, interest in the problem of expert knowledge has intensified among social scientists. One of the topics more frequently addressed in this context is the relationship between experts […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3538","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-abstracts"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/filozofiainauka.studiafilozoficzne.edu.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3538","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/filozofiainauka.studiafilozoficzne.edu.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/filozofiainauka.studiafilozoficzne.edu.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/filozofiainauka.studiafilozoficzne.edu.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/filozofiainauka.studiafilozoficzne.edu.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3538"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/filozofiainauka.studiafilozoficzne.edu.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3538\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5308,"href":"https:\/\/filozofiainauka.studiafilozoficzne.edu.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3538\/revisions\/5308"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/filozofiainauka.studiafilozoficzne.edu.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3538"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/filozofiainauka.studiafilozoficzne.edu.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3538"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/filozofiainauka.studiafilozoficzne.edu.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3538"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}